Legends/Keys
  • When working with maps, always check for details. Never assume the cartograpgher has used a particular scale
Area References
  • 4 figures
  • horizontal lines are called northings. Northings are measured from south to north
  • Vertical lines are called eastings. Eastings are measured from west to east
e.g. Lucky Joe = 1463
external image fig2.jpg
Grid References
  • 6 figures
  • e.g. 3 = 185445
    external image 4-figure-ref.jpg


Latitude and Longitude
  • Latitude Lines run east to west
  • Longitude lines run north to south
  • Latitude and longitude units can be divided into 60 minutes

Compass Bearings
  • zero degrees (0) points north
  • calculate angle by measuring clockwise